Agropastoralism is the primary source of livelihood and subsistence for the mountain communities and all threats to livestock are dealt harshly. Lack of safety nets and workable strategies for the protection of livestock as well as a lack of compensation for any damage to the livestock of poor communities often becomes the root cause of human-carnivore conflicts in the area.The link between livestock losses and conservation conflicts has prompted livestock insurance schemes, aiming to improve peoples’ attitudes towards carnivores and mitigate losses to farmers. The SLF and its partners have promoted community-based livestock insurance schemes in numerous valleys up north, in recognition of the significant economic burden posed by carnivore depredation on affected herder communities. These schemes provide compensation for livestock losses (due to carnivore depredation) through funds built up from seed grant and regular insurance premiums paid by participating households.